第 1 章 认识摄影与相机 .................................................................... 013
1.1 摄影的概念与意义 ..........................................................................................013
1.2 快速了解摄影技术的发展历程 ......................................................................015
摄影技术的核心原理 ......................................................................................015
达盖尔的摄影术 ..............................................................................................016
便携式相机的诞生 ..........................................................................................018
数码摄影时代到来 ..........................................................................................018
第 2 章 熟悉摄影器材 ....................................................................... 021
2.1 相机的分类及各自特点 ..................................................................................021
相机分类1:是否可换镜头 ...........................................................................021
相机分类2:按取景方式 ...............................................................................022
相机分类3:按画幅尺寸 ...............................................................................024
2.2 像素与解像力的重要性 ..................................................................................027
2.3 镜头的分类及各自特点 ..................................................................................029
镜头分类1:广角、标准与长焦 ...................................................................029
镜头分类2:定焦与变焦 ...............................................................................033
四大特殊镜头及用途 ......................................................................................035
2.4 镜头必备常识 ..................................................................................................038
等效焦距换算 ..................................................................................................038
法兰距与转接环:镜头能否通用的关键 ......................................................038
2.5 附件是出好片的助手 ......................................................................................039
常用滤镜 ..........................................................................................................039
三脚架 ..............................................................................................................043
快门线 ..............................................................................................................045
摄影包的选择 ..................................................................................................045
2.6 无人机摄影的特点 ..........................................................................................046
2.7 正确认识手机摄影 ..........................................................................................048
第3 章 曝光与测光 ........................................................................... 050
3.1 曝光的过程与曝光值 ......................................................................................050
3.2 曝光三要素 ......................................................................................................051
光圈与光圈值 ..................................................................................................054
快门与快门速度 ..............................................................................................055
感光度与照片画质 ..........................................................................................057
3.3 测光与曝光的关系 ..........................................................................................058
3.4 四大常用测光方式 ..........................................................................................058
3.5 曝光模式(拍摄模式) ..................................................................................062
全自动与场景曝光模式 ..................................................................................062
光圈优先模式的原理与用法 ..........................................................................064
快门优先模式的原理与用法 ..........................................................................065
P 模式的原理与用法 .......................................................................................066
M 全手动模式的原理与用法 ..........................................................................067
B 门长曝光.......................................................................................................068
3.6 宽容度、动态范围与HDR .............................................................................069
3.7 锁定曝光的用法 ..............................................................................................070
第4 章 照片的虚实、动静、画质与色彩 ........................................... 071
4.1 景深四要素 ......................................................................................................071
开大光圈拍人像得到虚化背景 ......................................................................072
用长焦距拍人物得到虚化背景 ......................................................................073
靠近被摄对象得到虚化背景 ..........................................................................073
让人物远离背景得到虚化效果 ......................................................................074
4.2 画面动静实战 ..................................................................................................074
4.3 利用降噪改善画质 ..........................................................................................075
4.4 白平衡与色温 ..................................................................................................076
自动白平衡 ......................................................................................................079
借助色温来控制画面色彩 ..............................................................................080
自定义白平衡 ..................................................................................................080
主动错用白平衡渲染画面氛围 ......................................................................082
第5 章 对焦没那么简单 .................................................................... 084
5.1 对焦原理 ..........................................................................................................084
5.2 自动对焦与手动对焦的使用场景 ..................................................................086
5.3 弱光下对焦的3 种方式 ..................................................................................087
10 倍放大对焦法 .............................................................................................087
峰值对焦法 ......................................................................................................088
光源对焦法 ......................................................................................................088
5.4 对焦模式 ..........................................................................................................089
单次对焦:绝大多数场景适应 ......................................................................089
连续对焦:捕捉运动对象 ..............................................................................090
怎样对动静不易确定的主体对焦 ..................................................................091
5.5 单点对焦与多点对焦 ......................................................................................091
单点对焦 ..........................................................................................................091
多点对焦 ..........................................................................................................092
第6 章 摄影构图基础、技巧与经验 .................................................. 094
6.1 构图的概念与构图元素 ..................................................................................094
6.2 优秀摄影作品的特点 ......................................................................................095
主题鲜明 ..........................................................................................................095
主体突出 ..........................................................................................................096
画面干净 ..........................................................................................................097
表现力强 ..........................................................................................................098
6.3 画面景别的选择 ..............................................................................................099
远景 ..................................................................................................................099
全景 ..................................................................................................................100
中景 ..................................................................................................................101
特写 ..................................................................................................................102
6.4 照片横与竖的选择 ..........................................................................................103
6.5 照片的画幅比例 ..............................................................................................105
主流的1 ∶ 1、3 ∶ 2 与4 ∶ 3 的画幅比例 ................................................105
16 ∶ 9 与18 ∶ 9 的画幅比例 .......................................................................107
2.35 ∶ 1 的画幅比例 ......................................................................................108
6.6 拍摄视角高低的选择 ......................................................................................109
平拍的特点及画面控制 ..................................................................................109
俯拍的画面特点及控制 ..................................................................................110
仰拍的画面特点及控制 ..................................................................................110
6.7 摄影创作中的透视关系 .................................................................................. 111
几何透视 .......................................................................................................... 111
影调透视 ..........................................................................................................113
6.8 黄金构图 ..........................................................................................................114
黄金法则 ..........................................................................................................114
三分法构图 ......................................................................................................115
6.9 常见的对比构图 ..............................................................................................117
6.10 构图中的点与线 ............................................................................................118
利用线条构图 ..................................................................................................118
点构图的位置 ..................................................................................................118
6.11 常见几何构图形式.........................................................................................119
第7 章 实拍中用光的技巧 ................................................................ 122
7.1 光比 ..................................................................................................................122
大光比画面的特点及应用 ..............................................................................122
小光比画面的特点及应用 ..............................................................................123
7.2 光的性质 ..........................................................................................................124
直射光与画面特点 ..........................................................................................124
散射光与画面特点 ..........................................................................................125
反射光与画面特点 ..........................................................................................126
7.3 光的方向 ..........................................................................................................126
顺光的特点及应用 ..........................................................................................126
侧光的特点及应用 ..........................................................................................127
侧顺光的特点及应用 ......................................................................................128
侧逆光的特点及应用 ......................................................................................129
逆光的特点及应用 ..........................................................................................130
顶光的特点及应用 ..........................................................................................132
底光的特点及应用 ..........................................................................................133
7.4 黄金时间定律 ..................................................................................................134
7.5 夜晚的弱光摄影 ..............................................................................................136
第8 章 摄影中的色彩运用 ................................................................ 138
8.1 色彩三要素在摄影中的应用 ..........................................................................138
色相 ..................................................................................................................139
饱和度(纯度) ..............................................................................................139
明度 ..................................................................................................................140
8.2 不同色系的画面特点 ......................................................................................140
8.3 相邻色与互补色 ..............................................................................................145
8.4 色不过三 ..........................................................................................................148